Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Religious Studies · 4RS1 · Free · no account needed

Islam

35 units, completely free. Paper 1 examines beliefs and values from the Muslim perspective (with the non-religious view throughout); Paper 2 (4RS1/2D, “Paper 2D: Islam”) examines the religion itself. A centre enters this route as 4RS1D.

Every lesson here ends the same way: learn it, teach it to an AI pupil who asks the awkward question, then defend it against the thinker with the strongest claim on it — free · no account needed.

Paper 1 · Section 1 — The universe, creation and the place of human beings

1.1 · The universe and the place of human beings — Human beings do not own the world — they hold it in trust for the one who made it, and they will be asked how they kept it.
1.2 · Human nature and the human condition — A person is not born broken; they are born inclined to good and forgetful, so what they need is reminding rather than rescuing.
1.3 · Selfishness, greed, ignorance and sin — Every wrong belongs to the person who did it, and every one of them can be returned from — except the one that denies the mercy you would…
1.4 · Free will, determinism and predestination — Nothing falls outside God's decree and every deed is still genuinely yours — Islam holds both, and says plainly that it cannot show you…
1.5 · Ultimate reality — God is one in a sense so strong that nothing may be pictured, shared or compared — and that single claim is why a mosque looks the way it…
1.6 · Belief, uncertainty and unbelief — Islam treats the world and the book as two sets of signs from the same author — and holds that a belief nobody arrived at freely was never…
1.7 · The problem of evil and suffering — This life is a test whose results are settled afterwards — an answer that reaches the earthquake as well as the murderer…

Paper 1 · Section 2 — Life and death

2.1 · Death and life after death — There is a life after this one in which every person is raised and their deeds weighed, and it is what makes justice a fact about the…
2.2 · The meaning and purpose of life — Life is for the worship and service of Allah, and because that includes honest work done with the right intention…
2.3 · Sanctity of life, abortion and euthanasia — Life belongs to Allah rather than to the person living it, which is why euthanasia is refused even when it is wanted…
2.4 · Human relationships — Sexual love is a good with a proper place, and because Islam treats relationships as having consequences for children and community…
2.5 · Marriage and partnership — A Muslim marriage is a contract requiring consent, witnesses and a payment the bride keeps, and reading it as a contract rather than a…
2.6 · Divorce and remarriage — Divorce in Islam is permitted and hated, so the law slows it with arbitration and a waiting period rather than forbidding it…
2.7 · Family structures and responsibilities — Care for parents is commanded immediately after the command to worship Allah alone, and the mosque supplies the classes…
2.8 · Childlessness and celibacy — The marriage is the boundary: contraception is a decision inside it, donors bring somebody else in, and celibacy refuses it altogether…

Paper 1 · Section 3 — Peace and conflict

3.1 · Conflict and war — Islam permits fighting in defence and against oppression and binds the permission with limits stated in the same breath…
3.2 · Peace, reconciliation and forgiveness — Peace is what Islam aims at and what its greeting says, and its distinctive move is to grant the wronged person a real right to an equal…
3.3 · Bullying — Bullying is wrong in Islam because it denies a dignity Allah gave rather than because of the damage it does…
3.4 · Sin and crime — Islam answers crime before it happens by making the giving that attacks its causes obligatory, while still holding the offender…
3.5 · Punishment — Punishment in Islam is necessary and capped — equal at most, better forgiven — and the right to retaliate belongs to the person who was…
3.6 · Capital punishment — Islam permits the death penalty for a few named offences, sets it aside wherever doubt exists, and gives the victim's family rather than…

Paper 1 · Section 4 — Rights, equality and social justice

4.1 · Human rights — Human rights in Islam are conferred by Allah rather than agreed by people, which means a government can fail to honour them but cannot…
4.2 · Equal rights and equal opportunities — Islam makes God-consciousness the only thing that ranks one person above another and then places it beyond anybody's inspection…
4.3 · The multi-ethnic society and racial harmony — A community defined by faith rather than descent has nowhere to put an ethnic hierarchy, and the Qur'an goes further by saying human…
4.4 · The multi-faith society and interfaith relationships — Islam holds both that it is true and that belief cannot be forced, and those two commitments together produce invitation without…
4.5 · Relationships between rich and poor — Islam makes giving to the poor a fixed and targeted obligation rather than an act of generosity, and forbids interest as well…

Paper 2 · Section 1 — Origins and their impact on the community: founders, texts and other sources of authority

1.1 · The prophets and Prophet Muhammad — Muhammad matters to Muslims as the last of the prophets, which is what closes the revelation, makes the Qur'an final and turns his…
1.2 · The Qur’an as the revealed word of Allah — The Qur'an is held to be the speech of Allah in Arabic rather than a book about revelation, and every distinctive Muslim practice towards…
1.3 · The Ulema and Muslim leadership — Because revelation closed with the Prophet, Islam answers new questions by scholarly reasoning rather than fresh guidance…
1.4 · One other significant Muslim — Because prophecy closed with Muhammad, later Muslim greatness is institutional rather than revelatory — so the question asks what somebody…

Paper 2 · Section 2 — Celebration and pilgrimage

2.1 · Ramadan, Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha — Ramadan commemorates the beginning of the revelation and enforces solidarity through hunger, and its festival cannot begin until the poor…
2.2 · Hajj and pilgrimage in Islam — Hajj is the obligatory pilgrimage that makes Muslim equality visible by stripping every marker of status, and it is deliberately built as…

Paper 2 · Section 3 — Worship and practice

3.1 · Mosques: design and features — A mosque is a building organised entirely around prayer, and what it lacks — altar, images, reserved seat — expresses the doctrine as…
3.2 · Salah and forms of Muslim worship — Salah is obligatory prayer at fixed times in a fixed form, and the other forms of Muslim worship exist because a discipline that cannot be…
3.3 · Rites of passage in Muslim life — Muslim rites of passage are deliberately brief and plain — a whisper at birth, a contract at marriage, a shroud and a day at death…

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