Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Chemistry · 4CH1 · Free · no account needed
Crude Oil And Its Fractions — exam questions
12 original Incandio exam-style questions on Crude Oil And Its Fractions, 27 marks, about 27 minutes of writing. Each one carries the command word, the tariff and the specification statement it assesses, exactly as a paper presents them. This is an original Incandio practice question, written to reflect the structure and demands of the qualification. It is not an official Pearson Edexcel past-paper question.
This is the practice set for Crude Oil And Its Fractions — the lesson that teaches it. Read the lesson first if the idea is new; come here when you want to find out whether you can turn it into marks. Completely free, no account needed to read.
What these questions ask of you
8 command words run through this set, and on Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Chemistry each one means something precise. Answering the wrong command is the commonest way a candidate who understands the lesson still loses the mark.
- Which (1 mark)
- one option chosen from the set given
- Name (1 mark)
- the correct chemical name
- Give (1–2 marks)
- a short factual answer — the most common chemistry command
- Describe (2–5 marks)
- developed, linked statements of what happens or what is observed Misread as: giving one bare observation where the tariff asked for a developed account
- Explain (2–4 marks)
- the reason, in terms of particles, bonding, energy or equilibrium Misread as: describing the observation without giving the chemistry that causes it
- Compare (2–4 marks)
- explicit comparison with a comparative word — a bare pair of statements is not a comparison
- Suggest (1–3 marks)
- a plausible answer applying taught chemistry to an unfamiliar substance
- Identify (1–2 marks)
- the correct substance or feature selected from what is given
Assessed on Paper 1 (4CH1/1C) and Paper 2 (4CH1/2C), against AO1, AO2, AO3.
Where these sit in the specification
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Chemistry (4CH1) — statements 4.7 · 4.8 · 4.9 · 4.10. Incandio is aligned to this specification; it is not published by, endorsed by or affiliated with Pearson, and it reproduces none of Pearson's wording.
The 12 questions
Answer them on paper, then open the lesson's exam practice to have them marked. The mark scheme, the accepted and rejected answers and the annotated model answer are in Incandio and are not printed here — an answer beside its question is not practice.
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Table 1 — the main fractions from crude oil, in the order they leave the column Fraction Carbon atoms per molecule Boiling range / °C Main use refinery gases 1–4 below 25 bottled gas petrol (gasoline) 5–10 25–75 fuel for cars kerosene 10–16 75–190 fuel for aircraft diesel oil 14–20 190–250 fuel for lorries fuel oil 20–30 250–350 fuel for ships bitumen over 35 above 350 surfacing roads (a)
(1)Identify
Identify the fraction in Table 1 that leaves the column highest up.
Table 1 — the main fractions from crude oil, in the order they leave the column Fraction Carbon atoms per molecule Boiling range / °C Main use refinery gases 1–4 below 25 bottled gas petrol (gasoline) 5–10 25–75 fuel for cars kerosene 10–16 75–190 fuel for aircraft diesel oil 14–20 190–250 fuel for lorries fuel oil 20–30 250–350 fuel for ships bitumen over 35 above 350 surfacing roads (b)
(2)Describe
Describe the relationship between chain length and boiling range shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — the main fractions from crude oil, in the order they leave the column Fraction Carbon atoms per molecule Boiling range / °C Main use refinery gases 1–4 below 25 bottled gas petrol (gasoline) 5–10 25–75 fuel for cars kerosene 10–16 75–190 fuel for aircraft diesel oil 14–20 190–250 fuel for lorries fuel oil 20–30 250–350 fuel for ships bitumen over 35 above 350 surfacing roads (c)
(3)Explain
Explain why bitumen in Table 1 is used for surfacing roads rather than as a fuel.
Table 1 — the main fractions from crude oil, in the order they leave the column Fraction Carbon atoms per molecule Boiling range / °C Main use refinery gases 1–4 below 25 bottled gas petrol (gasoline) 5–10 25–75 fuel for cars kerosene 10–16 75–190 fuel for aircraft diesel oil 14–20 190–250 fuel for lorries fuel oil 20–30 250–350 fuel for ships bitumen over 35 above 350 surfacing roads (d)
(3)Suggest
Crude oil yields far more of the heavier fractions than of petrol, yet petrol is what is most in demand. Suggest what problem this creates for a refinery.
Table 1 — the main fractions from crude oil, in the order they leave the column Fraction Carbon atoms per molecule Boiling range / °C Main use refinery gases 1–4 below 25 bottled gas petrol (gasoline) 5–10 25–75 fuel for cars kerosene 10–16 75–190 fuel for aircraft diesel oil 14–20 190–250 fuel for lorries fuel oil 20–30 250–350 fuel for ships bitumen over 35 above 350 surfacing roads (Total for Question 1 = 9 marks)
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(1)Which
Which best describes crude oil?
Description A a compound of carbon and hydrogen B a mixture of hydrocarbons C a single hydrocarbon D an element (Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)
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(1)Name
Name the process used to separate crude oil into fractions.
(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)
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(1)Give
Give one use of the kerosene fraction.
Table 1 — the main fractions from crude oil, in the order they leave the column Fraction Carbon atoms per molecule Boiling range / °C Main use refinery gases 1–4 below 25 bottled gas petrol (gasoline) 5–10 25–75 fuel for cars kerosene 10–16 75–190 fuel for aircraft diesel oil 14–20 190–250 fuel for lorries fuel oil 20–30 250–350 fuel for ships bitumen over 35 above 350 surfacing roads (Total for Question 4 = 1 mark)
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(3)Describe
Describe how the fractionating column separates the mixture.
(Total for Question 5 = 3 marks)
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(3)Explain
Explain why the fractions collected lower down the column have higher boiling points.
Table 1 — the main fractions from crude oil, in the order they leave the column Fraction Carbon atoms per molecule Boiling range / °C Main use refinery gases 1–4 below 25 bottled gas petrol (gasoline) 5–10 25–75 fuel for cars kerosene 10–16 75–190 fuel for aircraft diesel oil 14–20 190–250 fuel for lorries fuel oil 20–30 250–350 fuel for ships bitumen over 35 above 350 surfacing roads (Total for Question 6 = 3 marks)
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(2)Compare
Compare the viscosity of petrol with that of fuel oil.
Table 1 — the main fractions from crude oil, in the order they leave the column Fraction Carbon atoms per molecule Boiling range / °C Main use refinery gases 1–4 below 25 bottled gas petrol (gasoline) 5–10 25–75 fuel for cars kerosene 10–16 75–190 fuel for aircraft diesel oil 14–20 190–250 fuel for lorries fuel oil 20–30 250–350 fuel for ships bitumen over 35 above 350 surfacing roads (Total for Question 7 = 2 marks)
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(3)Suggest
Suggest why the fractions collected are still mixtures rather than pure compounds.
Table 1 — the main fractions from crude oil, in the order they leave the column Fraction Carbon atoms per molecule Boiling range / °C Main use refinery gases 1–4 below 25 bottled gas petrol (gasoline) 5–10 25–75 fuel for cars kerosene 10–16 75–190 fuel for aircraft diesel oil 14–20 190–250 fuel for lorries fuel oil 20–30 250–350 fuel for ships bitumen over 35 above 350 surfacing roads (Total for Question 8 = 3 marks)
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(4)Explain
Explain why a fuel with short molecules is easier to set alight than one with long molecules.
(Total for Question 9 = 4 marks)
Have them marked, then defend the answer
Practice tells you the mark; teaching it back tells you whether you understand it. On Incandio a topic counts as mastered only once you have taught it and defended it.
- Mark these questions — 12 questions, marked on Incandio against the authored scheme, with the mistake you actually made named.
- Teach it — explain Crude Oil And Its Fractions to Ember, an AI pupil who does not have it yet and asks the awkward question.
- Defend it — argue it against Dmitri Mendeleev over three rounds, marked against descriptors you can read first.
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Back to the lesson
- Crude Oil And Its Fractions — One mixture, separated by boiling point into six useful materials — and one causal chain that explains every trend down the column.
- All of Incandio Chemistry · Incandio Exam Practice